![]() Tests for unidimensionality were used in the psychometric analyses, and the sensitivity of the scales in differentiating between changes in self-reported health over the past year has been tested. In a Danish general population study, the mental health subscale was compared psychometrically with the WHO-Five in order to evaluate the ceiling effect. Three of the mental health well-being items are also included in the WHO-Five well-being scale. Psychometrically, the mental health subscale contains a mixture of mental symptoms and psychological well-being items, among other things, to prevent a ceiling effect when used in general population studies. The health status questionnaire Short-Form 36 (SF-36) includes subscales measuring both physical health and mental health. This paper describes some of these theories and tools, and argues that cognitive testing should be a standard part of the development process of any survey instrument. The development of cognitive question testing methods has provided social researchers with a number of theories and tools to test these assumptions, and to develop better survey instruments and questionnaires. ![]() However, implicit in the notion of standardisation are the assumptions that respondents are able to understand the questions being asked, that questions are understood in the same way by all respondents, and that respondents are willing and able to answer such questions. ![]() Traditionally survey researchers have been pre-occupied with 'standardising' data collection instruments and procedures such as question wording and have assumed that experience in questionnaire design, coupled with pilot testing of questionnaires, will then ensure valid and reliable results. This article puts forward the case that survey questionnaires, which are a type of measuring instrument, can and should be tested to ensure they meet their purpose.
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